Urinalysis is preformed to observe for several subclinical problems including diabetes, alkalosis, urinary tract infection, and kidney damage. To perform the test, you dip a "dip stick" into a urine sample (we will use artificial urine). You then line up the stick with the colors on the container and read each line going across. You will observe several things.
PH: Normal = 4.5-8. Low could be acidosis, high metabolic rate or ketone bodies. High could be Alkalosis.
Bilirubin: Generated by recycling hemoglobin. Measures RBC turnover.
Blood (Erythrocytes). Should be negative. +=Kidney damage or UTI
Glucose: Measures blood glucose levels. Glucose + Ketones = diabetes. Will be between 120 and 200 after a meal that has glucose for about 1 hour.
KetoneBodies: Made when brain is not using glucose or has no glucose. + alone = Fasting. + w/glucose = diabetes.
Lukocytes: White blood cells. Should be negative. + = UTI
Nitrates: Should be negative. +=UTI. Acidosis gives false positive.
Protein=should be negative. +=UTI or kidney damage. Could also be high BP or a diet that has a lot of protein.
SpecificGravity: Indirect measurement of dissolved particles. A higher specific gravity means more dissolved particles. More concentrated.
Urobilinogen: Checks for liver disease. Will be negative in our test.
Drag the sticks to the empty slot. Read the values of each thing and record the values in the proper place in your lab book.
Patient A: Jill is a 20 year old student at Diablo Valley College and she works as a nanny. Jill came into the doctor's office for her routine physical examination. Besides lack of sleep and a poor diet, both results of taking 25 units and working, Jill has no outstanding problems or concerns.
Patient B: Shelia is a 19 year old barista at Peet's Coffee and Tea. Since she works there 40 hours a week, her diet consists of the food (and drinks) found at the coffee shop and other fast food restaurants. She has also started drinking a lot of Jolt Soda and Energy drinks to help her make it through her shifts. Since Peet's offers their employees' health benefits, she decided to have a routine screening.
Patient C: Bart is 14 teen age boy who will be going into the 9th grade next year. To be able to play football, where he plans on being the star running back, he must pass a physical. When consulted about his diet, his answer was typical for a teen age boy: Lots of pizza, hot dogs, McDonalds, and candy but little of anything else. When asked if he is drinking enough water, his response was he prefers to drink soda.
Patient D: Jack is a 55 year old male. His BMI is 38 (severely obese) and as a result he has high blood pressure (150/120). He has been experiencing numbness in his feet and toes and is worried about that. He also comments that he doesn't get a lot sleep at night because he wakes up every hour to go to the bathroom. He accounts this because he is always thirsty and therefore, always drinking Pepsi Cola.
Patient E: Jezebel is a 27 year old woman is 35 weeks pregnant. Unfortunately, she never had time to take the gestational diabetes test nor has she been seeing a doctor during her pregnancy. She decided to come to the doctor when she noticed that her urine was slightly cloudy 3 days in a row.
Patient F: Robert is a 40 year old male. He is an avid runner and has been since he has been 12. On weekends, he runs the entire Iron Horse Trail for the marathon he will run next month. During the weekdays, he runs around Lake Merritt twice a day doing 3 laps each time (for a total of 9 miles each time). Because following the sidewalk instead of the running track is slightly longer, he often goes along the sidewalk.
Patient G: Cain is a 16 year old high school football player. During the football season, he eats lots of protein for muscle growth and carbohydrates for energy. During his exam, he complained that he was always tired and he wasn't sure why.
